Definition

A vaginal yeast infection is irritation of the vagina and the outside area around it, called the vulva.

Causes

A yeast infection is caused by an overgrowth of fungus that is normally found in small amounts in the vagina.

Risk Factors

Factors that may increase your chance of a yeast infection include:

• Situations that can cause hormonal changes, such as birth control pills, pregnancy, menopause, or steroid use
• Broad-spectrum antibiotics
• Douching
• Diabetes, especially when blood sugar is not well-controlled
• A compromised immune system from health conditions, such as HIV infection

Symptoms

A vaginal yeast infection may cause:

• Mild to severe itching
• A clumpy vaginal discharge that may look like cottage cheese
• Soreness, irritation, or burning
• Rash or redness on the skin outside the vagina
• Painful urination
• Painful sexual intercourse

Diagnosis

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. A swab test of vaginal discharge will taken to confirm the diagnosis.

It is important to see a doctor if you have symptoms. Other health conditions, such as sexually transmitted diseases, have symptoms that are similar to a yeast infection. These can include bacterial vaginosis, chlamydia, or gonorrhea.

Treatment

Prevention

To help reduce your chance of a yeast infection:

• Dry the outside vaginal area thoroughly after a shower, bath, or swim.
• Don’t douche unless your doctor tells you to do so.
• If you have diabetes, try to control your blood sugar.
• Avoid frequent or prolonged use of antibiotics if possible.

Office on Women’s Health http://www.womenshealth.gov

Women’s Health Matters http://www.womenshealthmatters.ca

Vulvovaginal candidiasis.EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at:
http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed
Updated July 18, 2013. Accessed July 26, 2013.

Yeast infections. American Academy of Family Physicians Family Doctor website. Available at:
http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/yeast-infections.html
Updated August 2010. Accessed July 26, 2013.