Stretch Marks

(Striae)

Definition

Definition

Stretch marks are red, whitish, or purple streaks in the skin.

Causes

Causes

Stretch marks occur when skin is stretched too much over time. The elastic fibers just below the skin tear. This tear leaves streaks of indented skin. The elastic fibers are also weakened by hormones present during pregnancy. These hormones may also be associated with rapid weight gain or certain medical conditions.

Pregnant Woman

Stretch marks are common in pregnancy.
Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.

Risk Factors

Risk Factors

Stretch marks are more common in women. Other factors that may increase your chance of stretch marks include:

  • Family history of stretch marks
  • Pregnancy, especially if the baby is large
  • Being overweight or obese
  • Rapidly gaining or losing weight
  • Rapid muscle gain
  • Using corticosteroid medications
  • Certain medical conditions, such as adrenal gland disorders

Symptoms

Symptoms

Stretch marks are red or purple streaks that are slightly indented. They eventually turn whitish in color. They are most common on the stomach, thighs, buttocks, and breasts, but may also occur in other areas. The stretched skin may also be dry or itchy.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis

You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done.

If the cause of stretch marks is not obvious your doctor may look for other causes. These tests may include blood tests.

Treatment

Treatment

Most stretch marks fade over time without treatment. Some people may want faster results or deeper fading of stretch marks. In general, the current treatments are limited and do not work well.

Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Factors that will affect your treatment options include:

  • Age of stretch marks
  • Convenience of treatment—may require multiple sessions
  • Cost—usually not covered by medical insurance
  • Your expectations

Treatment options include the following:

Medications

Tretinoin cream may help to lessen the appearance of stretch marks. It is most effective on stretch marks that are less than 6 weeks old and still red or pink in color.

It should not be used during pregnancy.

Laser Therapy

Laser therapy can stimulate the growth of collagen and elastin. It may decrease the appearance of stretch marks.

Prevention

Prevention

There are no proven methods for preventing stretch marks. Staying within recommended weight gain guidelines during pregnancy may help. If you are not pregnant, maintain a healthy weight.

Lotions have not been proven to prevent stretch marks. They may be helpful to moisturize and soothe itchiness.

RESOURCES:

American Academy of Dermatology http://www.aad.org

The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists http://www.acog.org

CANADIAN RESOURCES:

Canadian Dermatology Association http://www.dermatology.ca

The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada http://sogc.org

References:

Elsaie ML, Baumann LS, Elsaaiee LT. Striae distensae (stretch marks) and different modalities of therapy: an update. Dermatol Surg. 2009;35(4):563-73.

Changes in your body during pregnancy: second trimester. American Academy of Family Physicians Family Doctor website. Available at:
http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/pregnancy-newborns/your-body/changes-in-your-body-during-pregnancy-second-trimester.html
Updated February 2011. Accessed August 11, 2015.

Common symptoms, signs and laboratory changes in pregnancy. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at:
http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed
Updated May 29, 2015. Accessed August 11, 2015.

Stretch marks (striae). New Zealand Dermatological Society DermNet NZ website. Available at:
http://www.dermnetnz.org/dermal-infiltrative/striae.html
Updated June 16, 2014. Accessed August 11, 2015.

Treatments of common complaints in pregnant women. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at:
http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed
Updated July 11, 2014. Accessed August 11, 2015.

Last reviewed August 2015 by Michael Woods, MD
Last Updated: 8/11/2015

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