Definition
Definition
Reye syndrome is a serious but rare condition. It causes a build-up of fat and swelling in most organs. Reye is most harmful to the liver and brain.
It tends to occur during recovery from a viral infection.
Causes
Causes
The cause of Reye syndrome is unknown.
Risk Factors
Risk Factors
Reye syndrome occurs most often in children aged 2-16 years, but it can occur in anyone. Other factors that may increase the chance of Reye syndrome include:
- Use of aspirin or other salicylates, especially in children during viral illness like the flu or chickenpox
-
Recent viral illness, including:
- Influenza
- Chickenpox
- Upper respiratory infection
- Fatty acid oxidation disorder
- Exposure to certain toxins
Symptoms
Symptoms
Symptoms usually occur after a viral illness and may include:
- Frequent or persistent vomiting
- Drowsiness and fatigue
- Personality changes, such as irritability and aggression
- Confusion
- Disordered speech
- Hallucinations
- Convulsions
- Rapid or deep breathing
- Loss of consciousness
Later symptoms may progress to:
- Coma
- Seizures
- Inability to breathe without help
Call a doctor right away if you or your child has any of these symptoms, especially after a viral infection.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis
The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done.
Your bodily fluids may be tested. This can be done with:
- Blood tests
- Lumbar puncture
- Biopsy
Spinal Tap–Lumbar Puncture MethodCopyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.
|
Treatment
Treatment
Early diagnosis and treatment are important for a successful recovery.
Treatment is focused on protecting the brain and other organs from damage. Options include:
Medication
Medications may help to:
- Decrease inflammation
- Lower pressure of fluid in the brain
- Prevent seizures
- Reduce vomiting
- Reduce blood ammonia levels—may also require dialysis
Glucose and electrolytes will
be given by IV.
Monitoring
The brain, heart, and lungs will be carefully monitored. This will help the doctor begin supportive treatments as soon as possible.
Advanced Care
As the condition progresses, more care may be needed. Some advanced care options include:
- Mechanical ventilation—to take over breathing
- Drainage procedure or decompression craniotomy—to reduce pressure in the brain
Prevention
Prevention
The exact cause of Reye syndrome is not known, but the following may decrease the risk of Reyes syndrome:
- Do not give aspirin to children and teens with a current or recent viral infection. Check with your doctor before giving aspirin to a child or teen.
- Avoid giving children and teens medications that contain salicylates. Examples include Alka-Seltzer, Anacin, Bufferin, and Pepto-Bismol.
RESOURCES:
National Reye’s Syndrome Foundation http://www.reyessyndrome.org
CANADIAN RESOURCES:
Alberta Human Services http://humanservices.alberta.ca
References:
http://www.liverfoundation.org/abouttheliver/info/reye
Updated October 4, 2011. Accessed August 5, 2013.
Reyes syndrome. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke website. Available at:
http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/reyes_syndrome/reyes_syndrome.htm
Accessed February 28, 2013. Updated September 25, 2009. Accessed August 5, 2013.
What is Reyes Syndrome? National Reyes Syndrome website. Available at:
http://reyessyndrome.org/what.html
Accessed August 5, 2013.
Last Updated: 5/11/2013