Definition
Definition
Rectovaginal fistula is an abnormal connection between the rectum and the vagina. Gas or stool may leak from the bowel into the vagina.
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Causes
Causes
A rectovaginal fistula is caused by an injury to this area. It may be caused by physical trauma or a medical condition.
Risk Factors
Risk Factors
Factors that may increase your risk of rectovaginal fistula include:
- Crohn’s disease
- Complications following surgery to the perineum (area between vagina and rectum), vagina, rectum, or anus
- Injuries during childbirth
- Radiation treatment or cancer in the pelvic area
- Perianal infection
Symptoms
Symptoms
Symptoms may include:
- Passing stool or gas via the vagina
- Inability to control bowel movements
- Foul-smelling vaginal discharge
- Pain during sexual intercourse
- Persistent pain in the pelvic area
Diagnosis
Diagnosis
You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. You may need to see a colon and rectal surgeon.
Your body structures may need to be viewed. This can be done with:
- Anorectal ultrasound—a small wand-like instrument provides a video image of the rectum and anus
- Methylene enema—a tampon is placed in the vagina and methylene blue is placed into the rectum to identify movement of fluid from rectum to vagina
- Contrast studies— barium enema may be used to view a rectovaginal fistula that cannot be seen on physical exam
- Endoscopy—a thin, lighted tube is inserted into the rectum to examine the rectum and the lower colon (to rule out irritable bowel disease)
Treatment
Treatment
Talk with your doctor about the best plan for you. Treatment options include the following:
Rectovaginal Fistula Repair Surgery
Surgery is usually needed. It is done to close the opening between the rectum and vagina. Tissue may be taken from another part of the body as a graft. This tissue will help to close the fistula.
Medications
You may be given antibiotics if the area around the fistula is infected.
Prevention
Prevention
There are no steps to prevent rectovaginal fistula.
RESOURCES:
American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons http://www.fascrs.org
CANADIAN RESOURCES:
Women’s Health Matters http://www.womenshealthmatters.ca
References:
http://www.atlasofpelvicsurgery.com/2VaginalandUrethra/14RectovaginalFistulaRepair/chap2sec14.html
Accessed February 2, 2010.
Last Updated: 12/20/2014