(PMDD)
Definition
Definition
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) occurs just prior to menstruation and is characterized by significant:
- Depression
- Irritability
- Tension
PMDD is much more severe and less common than premenstrual syndrome (PMS).
Causes
Causes
The exact cause is not known.
Risk Factors
Risk Factors
Factors that may increase your chance of PMDD include:
- Hormonal changes
- Family history of PMDD
- Extra stress or a traumatic life event
- Depression or another mental health condition
Microscopic View of Hormone ReceptorMenstruation causes many hormonal changes, which may play a role in PMDD.
Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.
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Symptoms
Symptoms
PMDD may cause:
- Extreme sadness
- Frequent crying
- Irritability
- Anxiety
- Unusually strong cravings for certain foods
- Difficulty concentrating or paying attention
- Insomnia
- Panic attacks
- Mood swings
- Fatigue or lack of energy
- Physical symptoms, such as sore breasts, headaches, joint or muscle pain, swelling, or bloating
Symptoms typically begin 10-14 days prior to the start of menstruation.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis
Your doctor will diagnose PMDD based on your symptoms. You may be asked to keep a record of when your symptoms occur and how severe they are.
Your doctor may also order:
- Blood tests
- Tests to check hormone levels
Treatment
Treatment
Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Treatment options include:
Lifestyle Changes
These steps can help manage symptoms of PMDD:
- Exercise throughout the week.
- Get plenty of rest.
- Eat a balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
- Avoid alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine.
- Learn stress management techniques.
- Improve your sleep habits.
Medications
PMDD may be treated with:
- Antidepressants
- Oral contraceptives
- Nutritional supplements
Prevention
Prevention
To help reduce your chance of PMDD, take these steps:
- Get plenty of exercise and rest
- Eat a well-balanced diet
- Manage stress
RESOURCES:
Office on Women’s Health http://www.womenshealth.gov/
CANADIAN RESOURCES:
The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada http://sogc.org/publications-resources/patient-fact-sheets
References:
http://womensmentalhealth.org/specialty-clinics/pms-and-pmdd
Accessed September 25, 2014.
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). American Academy of Family Physicians Family Doctor website. Available at:
http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder.html
Updated April 2014. Accessed September 25, 2014.
Premenstrual syndrome. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at:
http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed
Updated July 8, 2014. Accessed September 25, 2014.
Last Updated: 9/30/2013