Definition
Definition
Pericarditis is an inflammation of the sac around the heart. In some cases, the inflammation may cause fluid to build up in the sac and make it difficult for the heart to move.
PericarditisCopyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.
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Causes
Causes
The exact cause of pericarditis is often unknown. Infections, injuries or chronic disease may be involved in some cases.
Risk Factors
Risk Factors
Factors that increase the risk for pericarditis include:
- Weakened immune system that is not able to fight off infections and other diseases
- Surgery to repair heart defects or heart disease
- Infection from virus, bacteria, parasite, or fungus
- Chest trauma or injury
- Autoimmune disorders, like systemic lupus erythematosus
Symptoms
Symptoms
Chest pain is a common symptom. It may start over the left side or center of the chest and spread to the neck and left shoulder. The pain is usually a sharp, stabbing pain that may be worse with deep breathing or lying down.
Other symptoms may include:
- Shortness of breath
- Coughing
- Fever and chills
- Pain when swallowing
- Weakness and fatigue
- Irritability
- Loss of appetite
- Irregular heartbeat
Diagnosis
Diagnosis
You will be asked about your child’s symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. The doctor will listen for a grating or rubbing sound in your child’s heart. If the condition is severe, there may also be a crackle sound in your child’s lungs.
Images may be taken to evaluate the heart and surrounding tissue. This can be done with:
- Chest x-ray
- Echocardiogram
- Heart or chest MRI scan or CT scan
Your child’s heart activity may be tested. This can be done with an electrocardiogram (EKG).
Your child’s bodily fluids may be tested. This can be done with:
- Blood tests
- Pericardiocentesis
Treatment
Treatment
The illness can range from mild to life-threatening. Acute inflammatory pericarditis usually improves with treatment within a few weeks or months. Pericarditis caused by chronic inflammatory diseases, like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis, may last longer or occur again.
Treatment options include:
Medication
The doctor may recommend medication to:
- Decrease inflammation
- Manage pain—may be over-the-counter or prescription medication depending on the degree of pain
Antibiotics may be given if the pericarditis is associated with a bacterial infection.
Procedures
For severe pericarditis, your child may need:
- Pericardiocentesis—fluid around the heart is removed with a needle
- Pericadiectomy—the sac around the heart is removed—rarely done
Prevention
Prevention
There are no current guidelines to prevent pericarditis.
RESOURCES:
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov
CANADIAN RESOURCES:
References:
http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed
Updated November 28, 2013. Accessed December 3, 2013.
Pediatric pericarditis. Cincinnati Children’s website. Available at:
http://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/info/heart/diagnose/peri.htm
Updated November 2013. Accessed December 3, 2013.
Pericarditis. Seattle Children’s Hospital website. Available at
http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-conditions/heart-blood-conditions/pericarditis-symptoms/
Accessed December 3, 2013.
Last Updated: 12/20/2014