(Colonic Ileus; Ogilvie’s Syndrome; Acute Colonic Pseudo-obstruction; Acute Nontoxic Megacolon)
Definition
Definition
In intestinal pseudo-obstruction, foods and liquids are unable to pass through the intestine, causing a build-up of food, fluid, and gas in all or part of the colon. The symptoms of this condition act like a mechanical bowel obstruction, but no blockage is found when doctors examine the intestine.
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Causes
Causes
Intestinal pseudo-obstruction is caused by problems with the muscles and nerves of the intestine.
Risk Factors
Risk Factors
The following factors are thought to increase the risk of developing intestinal pseudo-obstruction:
- Surgery
- Abdominal hemorrhage
- Intestinal ischemia (insufficient blood supply to the digestive system)
- Inflammation (eg, infection)
- Trauma
- Stroke
- Metabolic problems
- Fluid overload (eg, congestive heart failure)
- Other medical illnesses associated with pain
- Certain medications
Symptoms
Symptoms
Symptoms of intestinal pseudo-obstruction may include:
- Cramps
- Stomach pain
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Bloating
- Reduction in bowel movements
- Loose stools
- Bladder problems
Diagnosis
Diagnosis
You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done.
Your body fluids may be tested. This can be done with:
- Blood tests
- Urine tests
Images may be taken of your body structures. This can be done with:
- Abdominal X-rays
- Abdominal CT scan
Treatment
Treatment
Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Treatment options include:
Nutritional Support
IV feeding may be necessary to help prevent malnutrition.
Medications
Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to help prevent bacterial infections due to your condition. In addition, medications can be used to treat muscle problems in the intestines. Changes in your medications may be made to eliminate some medications that can slow recovery from, or worsen, this condition.
Surgery
In severe cases of intestinal pseudo-obstruction, surgery to remove part or your entire intestine may be necessary.
Endoscopy
If the colon does not resume normal function after conservative management, the pressure build-up in the colon can be relieved by removing the trapped air with a colonoscope.
Prevention
Prevention
Many cases of intestinal pseudo-obstruction cannot be prevented. But certain measures can be taken after surgery to help avoid the complication of intestinal pseudo-obstruction. These measures include:
- Early oral feeding
- Gum chewing
- Fluid restriction
- Medications that inhibit opioid receptors
- Beta-blockers
RESOURCES:
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov
CANADIAN RESOURCES:
Canadian Society of Intestinal Research http://www.badgut.com
References:
http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed
Updated July 12, 2014. Accessed December 18, 2014.
Intestinal pseudo-obstruction. National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse website. Available at:
http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/intestinalpo/index.htm
Updated February 26, 2014. Accessed December 18, 2014.
Last Updated: 12/20/2014