(HO)
Definition
Definition
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the growth of bone in abnormal places like soft tissue. It can occur anywhere in the body. The hip, knees, shoulders and elbows are the most common locations. This condition can vary from minor to heavy growth.
Causes
Causes
The exact cause of HO is unknown. There may be a genetic link to the development of this condition.
Risk Factors
Risk Factors
Factors that may increase your chance of developing HO include:
Symptoms
Symptoms
Symptoms vary based on the severity and site of the bone growth. HO may cause:
- Decreased range of motion
- Swelling or redness to joint(s)
- Pain
- Fever
Diagnosis
Diagnosis
You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. You may be referred to a specialist. An orthopedic doctor focuses solely on problems of the bones and joints.
Your bodily fluids may be tested. This can be done with:
- Blood tests
- Urine tests
Images may be taken of your bodily structures. This can be done with:
X-ray of Pelvic RepairHO may not show up on x-ray until later stages.
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Treatment
Treatment
Talk with your doctor about the best plan for you. Options vary based on the scope of the disease, and include the following:
Physical Therapy
Therapy is an important part of treatment. Range of motion exercises will help to maintain mobility. It can also keep the disease from getting worse. Therapy may also include some stretching and strength training.
Medications
Your doctor may prescribe:
- Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce pain
- Bisphosphonates to prevent the loss of bone
Radiation Therapy
Radiation is used to prevent abnormal bone growth, mainly after hip surgery.
Surgery
Surgery may be used to remove the abnormal bone and increase range of motion. Radiation and medications are often given after surgery, since the disease can recur.
Prevention
Prevention
HO is not well understood. If you have any of the risk factors above, talk to your doctor about any symptoms you may have. Discuss whether you need to take preventative measures.
RESOURCES:
Spinal Cord Injury Information Network http://www.uab.edu/medicine/sci
CANADIAN RESOURCES:
Canadian Orthopaedic Foundation http://www.canorth.org
References:
Pape HC, Marsh S, Morley JR, Krettek C, Giannoudis PV. Current concepts in the development of heterotopic ossification. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 2004;86(6):783-7.
Spinal cord injury—InfoSheet #12. Spinal Cord Injury Information Network website. Available at:
http://images.main.uab.edu/spinalcord/pdffiles/info-12.pdf
Published June 1997. Accessed June 29, 2015.
Zychowicz ME. Pathophysiology of heterotopic ossification. Orthop Nurs. 2013;32(3):173-177.
Last Updated: 6/1/2013