(Dysthymic Disorder)
Definition
Definition
Dysthymia is a mild-to-moderate depression that may go away during periods of normal mood that last up to two months.
Causes
Causes
The cause of dysthymia is not known. A chemical in the brain called serotonin may play a role.
Brainstem—Location of Serotonin ProductionCopyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.
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Risk Factors
Risk Factors
Dysthymia is more common in women than in men. Factors that may increase your chance of developing dysthymia include:
- Family history of major depression or dysthymia
- Chronic mental or physical illness
- Chronic stress
- Environmental factors
People who have dysthymia may also experience episodes of major depression.
Symptoms
Symptoms
Dysthymia may be difficult to differentiate from depression due to many overlapping symptoms, which may include:
- Feelings of sadness and/or hopelessness
- Poor appetite or overeating
- Trouble concentrating
- Difficulty sleeping or sleeping too much
- Fatigue
- Low self-esteem
- Difficulty functioning at work and school
Diagnosis
Diagnosis
You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical and psychological exam will be given.
Your doctor may refer you to a specialist for further evaluation. Tests may be done to look for medical causes like thyroid problems or anemia.
Treatment
Treatment
Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Treatment may include one or more of the following:
Antidepressant Medications
Antidepressant medications may help to manage symptoms. Antidepressants take a few weeks to begin working. Take them as directed by your doctor.
Psychotherapy
Therapy can help change unhealthy thought patterns. Psychotherapy may include:
- Cognitive behavioral therapy
- Counseling
- Family therapy
- Interpersonal therapy
Lifestyle Modifications
In addition to medications and therapy, the following lifestyle modifications may help you feel better:
- Participate in enjoyable activities.
- Eat a healthful diet.
- Avoid illegal drugs and alcohol.
- Begin a safe exercise program with the advice of your doctor.
- Have a regular sleep schedule.
Prevention
Prevention
There are no guidelines for preventing dysthymia.
RESOURCES:
National Mental Health Association http://www.mentalhealthamerica.net
CANADIAN RESOURCES:
Mental Health Canada http://www.mentalhealthcanada.com
References:
http://www.mentalhealthamerica.net/go/information/get-info/depression/depression-what-you-need-to-know
Accessed September 23, 2014.
Dysthymia. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at:
http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed
Updated March 11, 2013. Accessed September 23, 2014.
Dysthymic disorder. Family Doctor—American Academy of Family Physicians website. Available at:
http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/dysthymic-disorder.html
Updated February 2014. Accessed September 23, 2014.
Lim MA, Moncrieff J, Soares BGO. Drugs versus placebo for dysthymia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2005;2:CD001130.
Last Updated: 9/23/2014